Journal Transnational Universal Studies

The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure, Operating Efficiency, Capital Structure, and Media Exposure on Firm Value, With Media Exposure as A Moderating Variable (an Empirical Study of Low-Carbon Leader Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange)

Syendra Ayu Bernadita, Indarto Indarto, Rohmini Indah Lestari — Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The perception of a company’s performance, prospects, and sustainability is increasingly influenced by investors’ attention to environmental issues and information transparency. As awareness of environmental concerns and the demand for transparent information continue to grow, companies are required not only to demonstrate strong financial performance, but also to manage and disclose their environmental impacts and business strategies in an accountable manner. In this context, this study aims to analyze the influence of carbon emission disclosure, operating efficiency, media exposure, and capital structure on firm value. This research is grounded in Stakeholder Theory, which emphasizes the importance of balancing stakeholder interests through transparency and accountability in information disclosure. The research method employed is a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative design. The research data were obtained from the annual reports and sustainability reports of companies included in the Low Carbon Leaders Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 period using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study indicate that carbon emission disclosure negatively affects firm value, while operating efficiency and capital structure have positive effects on firm value. Media exposure does not directly have a significant effect on firm value; however, it functions as a quasi-moderating variable. Media exposure was proven to strengthen the influence of carbon emission disclosure, while weakening the influence of operating efficiency and capital structure on firm value. These findings suggest that media exposure does not necessarily enhance the effectiveness of operational performance signals and corporate financing policies in the eyes of investors.

Legal Analysis of Traditional Transportation for Environmental Cleanliness Handling

Marsha Nurfadillah Azzahra, Endang Sutrisno — Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research focuses on analyzing the legal provisions that govern the traditional transportation policy of delman in relation to environmental cleanliness in Kuningan Regency. The research method used is normative legal research with a descriptive approach, by examining laws and regulations and related to factual conditions in the field. Primary legal materials include Kuningan Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2010 concerning Non-Motorized Vehicles and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, while secondary legal materials are in the form of legal literature, scientific journals, and the results of interviews with the Transportation Agency. The results of the study show that regulations regarding delman operations are available, but they are still general and have not yet detailed regulations on environmental cleanliness obligations. The implementation of the policy by the Transportation Department through socialization, coaching, and monitoring has not been running optimally, marked by the still finding horse manure on public roads. The main obstacles include limited supervision, lack of supporting facilities, and low awareness of some delman coachmen. The conclusion of the study emphasizes the need to strengthen more specific regulations, increase the effectiveness of supervision, and provide adequate hygiene facilities. These efforts are expected to be able to maintain the sustainability of traditional transportation while creating a clean, orderly, and comfortable public environment

The Potentials and Challenges of Gastronomy Tourism in Kampung Portugis Tugu (Jakarta Portuguese Village)

Ira Yuniarty Khairiyah, Putu Herny Susanti, Putu Sabda Jayendra — Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the potentials and challenges of gastronomy tourism in Kampung Portugis Tugu, a historic Portuguese-descended community in North Jakarta. Using a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews, field observations, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), the research identifies key dimensions shaping the area's gastronomic tourism potential. Kampung Tugu is home to distinctive heritage culinary products that have existed for centuries, such as Gado-Gado Tugu, Pindang Serani, and traditional cakes including Pisang Udang, Ketan Unti, and Apem Kinca. These culinary traditions are not only daily food practices but are deeply embedded in ritual events such as Rabo-Rabo and Mandi-Mandi, which are recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage. The findings reveal that Kampung Tugu possesses strong historical authenticity, diasporic culinary identity, and unique cultural acculturation reflected in its gastronomy. However, significant challenges remain, including weak knowledge transfer, limited institutional capacity, lack of structured tourism products, and fragmented stakeholder collaboration. The study highlights a paradox between high cultural potential and low tourism readiness. This research contributes to gastronomy tourism literature by emphasizing the importance of cultural-based analysis through field observation, interviews, and FGD in understanding gastronomy tourism potentials and challenges.

Legal Study on the Issuance of Land Rights for Definitive Communities in the TORA Scheme (Land Object of Agrarian Reform) Forest Area

Nursyifah Zakiah, Endang Sutrisno — Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal arrangements related to the issuance of land rights under the Agrarian Reform program through the Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA) scheme, which is sourced from the release of forest areas, as well as to examine the implementation of these regulations in the field and the obstacles that affect legal certainty for the community. The research method used is normative juridical, employing statutory and conceptual approaches through literature studies of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the legal regulation of TORA has a relatively strong basis through the Basic Agrarian Law, Presidential Regulation Number 62 of 2023 concerning Agrarian Reform, Regulation of the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Number 11 of 2024, and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. However, its implementation faces regulatory disharmonization, fragmented authority, uncodified rules, unclear clean and clear criteria, and legal uncertainty in land titling resulting from forest area release. These issues reveal a gap between legal norms and field practices that affects the legalization of land rights. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that, although a regulatory framework is already available, it is necessary to strengthen regulatory harmonization, increase the capacity of the apparatus, and establish a more effective dispute resolution mechanism to support the success of agrarian reform

Developing Students' Critical Thinking Skills Through Problem-Based Learning in Islamic Education Based on the Facione Framework

Bima Purwidya Haqjaya, Joni Hadi Sucipto, Dina Mardiana — Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the construction of students' critical thinking skills through the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning by referring to Peter A. Facione's critical thinking framework. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen involving one PAI teacher and 22 students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results showed that each stage of PBL contributed to the development of critical thinking dimensions, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Students were not only able to understand and analyze contextual problems, but also to construct arguments, draw conclusions, and reflect on values in decision-making. PBL also encouraged active involvement through collaborative discussions, although there were still obstacles such as time constraints and variations in student readiness. These findings confirm that critical thinking is constructed gradually through structured learning experiences. This study contributes by positioning PBL as a pedagogical framework that facilitates the construction of critical thinking through the integration of cognitive processes and social interactions in PAI learning.